Table of contents
Part I: Foundations
1 Preliminaries
1.1 Downloading and installing the Prolog+CG environment
2 The Prolog+CG environment
2.1 The Prolog+CG screen
2.2 The Prolog development cycle
2.3 Daily Prolog+CG usage
2.4 File manipulation
2.5 Summary
Part II: CGs
3 Concept types and instances
3.1 Concept types and type-hierarchies in Prolog+CG
3.1.1 Syntax
3.1.2 Example
3.1.3 Multiple inheritance
3.1.4 Universal and Absurd
3.1.5 Identifiers
3.1.6 Further rules
3.1.7 Summary
3.2 Concept type instances in Prolog+CG
3.2.1 The rules
3.2.2 Examples
3.2.3 Further rules
3.2.4 Summary
3.3 Quiz: Concept types and instances
4 CG syntax
4.1 Relations
4.1.1 Further rules
4.1.2 Variables
4.1.3 Summary
4.2 Arcs
4.3 Concepts
4.3.1 Concept types
4.3.2 Referents
4.3.2.1 Identifiers and strings
4.3.2.2 Variables
4.3.2.3 Multi-referents
4.3.3 Concept descriptors
4.3.4 Summary
4.4 Multi-line graphs
4.5 Coreferents
4.6 Quiz: CG Syntax
5 CG primitives
5.1 CG goals
5.1.1 branchOfCG
5.1.2 concOfCG
5.1.3 subsume
5.1.4 generalize
5.1.5 maximalJoin
5.2 Type goals
5.2.1 isSubType
5.2.2 isSuperType
5.2.3 isInstance
5.2.4 superTypes
5.2.5 immediateSubTypes
5.2.6 maxComSubType
5.2.7 minComSuperType
6 Prolog for CG users
6.1 Atoms, Strings, and Numbers
6.2 Structures, relationships and terms
6.3 Variables
6.4 Facts
6.5 Rules, Goals and Subgoals
6.6 Clauses and predicates
6.7 Matching
6.8 Queries
6.9 Lists
7 Formalizing texts
7.1 Nuts and bolts
7.1.1 Organizing the knowledge base
7.1.2 Organizing the graphs
7.1.3 Writing the graphs
7.1.4 The ontology
7.1.5 Predicates
7.1.6 Adding knowledge
7.2 Templates
7.2.1 Act
7.2.2 Utterance
7.2.3 AND
7.2.4 If/Then
7.2.5 Non-literal expressions (Ad)
7.3 Examples
7.3.1 Lion and Mouse
7.3.2 Macbeth 1
7.3.3 Macbeth 2
7.3.4 Garfield
7.3.5 branchOfCG
7.3.6 concOfCG
7.3.7 Conflict-act
7.3.8 Reusing predicates
Part III: Programming
8 Terms
8.1 Relationships
8.2 Structures
8.3 String constants
8.4 Atomic constants
8.5 Numeric constants (Ad)
8.6 Quiz: Terms
9 A simple Prolog program
9.1 Facts and the program database
9.2 Queries
9.3 Goals and subgoals
9.4 Matching
9.5 Variables
9.6 Structures within structures (Ad)
9.7 Summary
9.8 Quiz: A simple Prolog program
10 Matching
10.1 Rules of matching
10.2 Example I
10.3 Example II
10.4 Example III
10.5 Quiz: Matching
11 Rules
11.1 Example of a rule
11.2 Terminology
11.3 Variable scoping rule
11.4 Returning values from rules (Ad)
11.5 Quiz: Rules
12 Prolog's solution strategy (Ad)
12.1 How is a subgoal satisfied? (Ad)
12.2 In what order does matching occur? (Ad)
12.3 What is backtracking? (Ad)
12.4 How are all solutions found? (Ad)
12.5 Summary (Ad)
12.6 Quiz: Prolog's solution strategy (Ad)
13 Recursivity and lists (Ad)
13.1 The definition of a list (Ad)
13.2 Recursive definitions (Ad)
13.3 Recursive predicates (Ad)
13.4 Example of a recursive predicate (Ad)
13.5 Quiz: Recursivity and lists (Ad)
14 Prolog+CG (Ad)
14.1 Relational goals (Ad)
14.2 Logical goals (Ad)
14.3 List goals (Ad)
14.4 Meta-goals (Ad)
14.5 Next (Ad)
Part IV: Peirce's rules (Ad)
15 Definitions (Ad)
16 Peirce's rules of inference (Ad)
17 Example of usage (Ad)
18 Another example of usage (Ad)
19 Summary (Ad)
20 The end
Part V: Exercises
21 Syllogisms
21.1 Syllogisms in Prolog: Question
21.2 Syllogisms in Prolog: Answer
22 A Murder Mystery
22.1 Introduction: Question
22.2 Introduction: Answer
22.3 Weapon access: Question
22.4 Weapon access: Answer
22.5 Key access: Question
22.6 Key access: Answer
22.7 Crime access: Question
22.8 Crime access: Answer
22.9 Who is where when: Question
22.10 Who is where when: Answer
22.11 Motive: Question
22.12 Motive: Answer
22.13 Insanity: Question
22.14 Insanity: Answer
22.15 Poverty: Question
22.16 Poverty: Answer
22.17 Jealousy: Question
22.18 Jealousy: Answer
22.19 Being involved with: Question
22.20 Being involved with: Answer
22.21 Relationships: Question
22.22 Relationships: Answer
22.23 The murderer: Question
22.24 The murderer: Answer
23 Blocksworld
23.1 Blocksworld: Question
23.2 Blocksworld: Answer
24 Ontology
24.1 The bat and the weasel: Question
24.2 The bat and the weasel: Answer
25 Formalisation
Part VI: Reference
26 Glossary
27 References
28 Prolog+CG manual
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